ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the incidence characteristics and epidemic tendency of notifiable infectious diseases （NID） among children aged 0 to 6 years old in Hudong Community of Shanghai from 2011 to 2018， in order to provide a scientific basis for the accurate prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the data of NID. Results A total of 1 401 cases of eight different NID were reported in children aged 0 to 6 from 2011 to 2018 in Hudong Community， with an average annual incidence rate of3 536.63/105， and there were no dead cases. The incidence rates of different years were statistically significant （P<0.001）. The top five diseases were hand， foot and mouth disease （HFMD）， chickenpox， mumps， influenza and scarlet fever， which accounted for 97.79% of all cases. The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases peaked during the months of May to September and November， and that of respiratory infectious diseases peaked from April to June and from November to January. The average incidence rate of males was 4 118.81/105， and that of females was 2 930.87/105. The gender ratio （male︰female） was 1.41∶1， with statistical significance （P<0.001）. The intestinal infectious diseases mainly occurred in children aged one to four years old， accounting for 79.09%， and the respiratory infectious diseases mainly occurred in children aged four to six years old， accounting for 63.46%. The incidence and spectrum of NID varied in different age groups. The main population affected was those children from kindergartens， which accounted for 55.46% of all cases. Conclusion Infectious diseases threatening the health of children aged 0~6 years old in Hudong Community are mainly intestinal infectious diseases， especially HFMD. The targeted prevention and control strategies should be carried out according to the epidemic features so as to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics of infectious diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the accuracy and practical value in the clinical diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome by B ultrasonography and postcaval vein contrast examination.Methods 42 patients received B ultrasonographic scanning of the postcaval vein and the liver before the use of angiography.Angiography included Seldinger single-direction postcaval intubation(14 cases) and double-direction intubation(28 cases),and quick photographic observation.Results B ultrasonography showed that 18 cases had postcaval segmental or membranous obstruction 24 cases had postcaval stricture at its opening,and 20 cases complicated with single right hepatic stricture,8 cases with left vein stricture and 12 cases with central hepatic caval stricture.Communicating branched vessels were formed among 16 cases between hepatic vessels were formed among 8 cases between hepatic left-middle,and middle-right hepatic veins each.Reticular communicating vessels were formed in 8 cases between left middle and right.5 cases had slight postcaval stricture and their blood flowed non-obstructedly postcaval veinography showed 12 cases had postcaval stricture at proximal end,28 cases total segmental or membranous obstruction.There were 8 cases respectively for hepatic central vein and right hepatic vein development each.The remaining 26 cases had no hepatic venous development.There were 30 cases who had obvious branched circulaltion formation,and even their branched circular vessels had tumous-like expansion.Conclusion B ultrasonography,as a way of easy,and no-trauma examination,is the first-choice means to screen the patients.Postcaval angiography is a means to diagnose Budd-Chiari syndrome,which is neccessary for the cases with total segmental or membranous obstruction to have double-direction postcaval angiography,especially for the cases to have interventive therapy.